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doc: be more like POSIX in threading terms

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In documentation and comments, be more like POSIX in terminology
involving multithreading.  Explain the distinction between
multithreaded process vs multithreaded program.  Change “program”
to “process” when the latter wording is more accurate or informative.
Simplify the wording for the constraints on processes that use
unlocked I/O.  Change “multithread-safe” to “thread-safe”.
Change “thread-safety” to “thread safety”.
However, do not change “multithreaded” to “multi-threaded” even
though there are some uses of both spellinga, as there are a whole
bunch of uses of “multithreaded”, also in identifier names;
perhaps Gnulib should even standardize on “multithreaded”
(not “multi-threaded”), contra POSIX.
This commit is contained in:
Paul Eggert
2026-04-11 13:19:43 -07:00
parent fc2a05f786
commit 87fb310b69
106 changed files with 212 additions and 183 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

16
ChangeLog
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@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
2026-04-11 Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
doc: be more like POSIX in threading terms
In documentation and comments, be more like POSIX in terminology
involving multithreading. Explain the distinction between
multithreaded process vs multithreaded program. Change “program”
to “process” when the latter wording is more accurate or informative.
Simplify the wording for the constraints on processes that use
unlocked I/O. Change “multithread-safe” to “thread-safe”.
Change “thread-safety” to “thread safety”.
However, do not change “multithreaded” to “multi-threaded” even
though there are some uses of both spellinga, as there are a whole
bunch of uses of “multithreaded”, also in identifier names;
perhaps Gnulib should even standardize on “multithreaded”
(not “multi-threaded”), contra POSIX.
2026-04-10 Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
fenv-exceptions-trapping tests: Make test more debugging friendly.

2
doc/c-strtod.texi
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@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ when the current locale's notion of decimal point is a comma @samp{,},
and no characters outside the basic character set are accepted.
On platforms without @code{strtod_l}, this function is not safe for use in
multi-threaded applications since it calls @code{setlocale}.
multi-threaded processes since it calls @code{setlocale}.

17
doc/multithread.texi
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@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
@node Multithreading
@chapter Multithreading
Multithreading is a programming paradigm. In a multithreaded program,
multiple threads execute concurrently (or quasi concurrently) at different
places in the program.
Multithreading is a programming paradigm. In a @dfn{multithreaded
process}, multiple threads execute concurrently (or quasi
concurrently) at different places in the program, and a
@dfn{multithreaded program} is one that contains primitives that can
create threads. In contrast, a @dfn{single-threaded process} has just
one thread, and a @dfn{single-threaded program} contains no
multithreading primitives and so executes entirely in its process's
main thread.
There are three motivations for using multithreading in a program:
@itemize @bullet
@@ -290,10 +295,8 @@ if (mt) gl_lock_unlock (some_lock);
You may use the @code{unlocked-io} module if you want the @code{FILE} stream
functions @code{getc}, @code{putc}, etc.@: to use unlocked I/O if available,
throughout the package. Unlocked I/O can improve performance, sometimes
dramatically. But unlocked I/O is safe only in single-threaded programs,
as well as in multithreaded programs for which you can guarantee that
every @code{FILE} stream, including @code{stdin}, @code{stdout}, @code{stderr},
is used only in a single thread.
dramatically. But unlocked I/O is safe only in processes in which
two threads never simultaneously access the same @code{FILE} stream.
You need extra code for this optimization to be effective: include the
@code{"unlocked-io.h"} header file. Some Gnulib modules that do operations

2
doc/parse-datetime.texi
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@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ avoid a conflict with the alternative Posix function @code{getdate},
and a later rename to @code{parse_datetime}. The Posix function
@code{getdate} can parse more locale-specific dates using
@code{strptime}, but relies on an environment variable and external
file, and lacks the thread-safety of @code{parse_datetime}.
file, and lacks the thread safety of @code{parse_datetime}.
@cindex Pinard, F.
@cindex Berry, K.

2
doc/posix-functions/accept4.texi
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on many non-glibc platforms:
glibc 2.9, macOS 14, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 7.1, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 11.3, Cygwin 1.7.1, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 4.4.
But the replacement function is not atomic; this matters in multi-threaded
programs that spawn child processes.
processes that spawn child processes.
@end itemize
Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:

2
doc/posix-functions/alarm.texi
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@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ This function has no impact if @code{SIGALRM} is inherited as
ignored; programs should use @code{signal (SIGALRM, SIG_DFL)} if
it is important to ensure the alarm will fire.
@item
Use of this function in multi-threaded applications is not advised.
Use of this function in multi-threaded programs is not advised.
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
mingw (2011), MSVC 14.

2
doc/posix-functions/faccessat.texi
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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The replacement does not always take ACLs into account.
@item
The replacement is not safe to be used in libraries.
@item
The replacement is not multithread-safe.
The replacement is not thread-safe.
@item
The replacement does not support the @code{AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW} flag,
which is supported by GNU @code{faccessat}.

3
doc/posix-functions/fchdir.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not
thread-safe.
@end itemize
Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:

3
doc/posix-functions/fchmodat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not
thread-safe.
@item
This function does not fail when the file name argument ends in a slash
and (without the slash) names a non-directory, on some platforms:

2
doc/posix-functions/fchownat.texi
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not multithread-safe. Also, the replacement may fail to change
is not thread-safe. Also, the replacement may fail to change
symlinks if @code{lchown} is unsupported, or fail altogether if
@code{chown} is unsupported.
@item

2
doc/posix-functions/fdopendir.texi
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not multithread-safe. Also, the replacement does not guarantee
is not thread-safe. Also, the replacement does not guarantee
that @samp{dirfd(fdopendir(n))==n} (dirfd might fail, or return a
different file descriptor than n).
@item

3
doc/posix-functions/fstatat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not
thread-safe.
@item
On platforms where @code{off_t} is a 32-bit type, @code{fstatat} may
not correctly report the size of files or block devices larger than 2

3
doc/posix-functions/linkat.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.9, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 4.4.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
This function fails to directly hardlink symlinks on some platforms:
Mac OS X 10.10.

3
doc/posix-functions/mkdirat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@end itemize
Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:

3
doc/posix-functions/mkfifoat.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, macOS 12, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 5.1.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
This function does not fail when the file name argument ends in a slash
and (without the slash) names a nonexistent file, on some platforms:

3
doc/posix-functions/mknodat.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, macOS 12, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 4.4.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
This function does not fail when the file name argument ends in a slash
and (without the slash) names a nonexistent file, on some platforms:

2
doc/posix-functions/nl_langinfo.texi
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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The constants @code{ERA}, @code{ERA_D_FMT}, @code{ERA_D_T_FMT},
@code{ERA_T_FMT}, @code{ALT_DIGITS} are not supported on some platforms:
OpenBSD 7.5.
@item
This function is not multithread-safe on some platforms:
This function is not thread-safe on some platforms:
macOS 26, Solaris 11.3.
@end itemize

3
doc/posix-functions/openat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
Some platforms do not support @code{O_CLOEXEC}:
AIX 7.1, Solaris 10.

2
doc/posix-functions/pipe2.texi
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on many non-glibc platforms:
glibc 2.8, macOS 14, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 11.3, Cygwin 1.7.1, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 2.2.
But the replacement function is not atomic; this matters in multi-threaded
programs that spawn child processes.
processes that spawn child processes.
@end itemize
Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:

4
doc/posix-functions/rand.texi
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Gnulib module: rand
Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@itemize
@item
This function crashes when used in multithreaded programs on some platforms:
This function crashes when used in multithreaded processes on some platforms:
CheriBSD.
@end itemize
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:
This function is only defined as an inline function on some platforms:
Android 4.4.
@item
This function is not multithread-safe on some platforms:
This function is not thread-safe on some platforms:
musl libc, macOS 14, FreeBSD 13.2, NetBSD 10.0, AIX 7.1, Solaris 11.4.
@end itemize

2
doc/posix-functions/random.texi
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ mingw, MSVC 14.
This function is only defined as an inline function on some platforms:
Android 4.4.
@item
This function is not multithread-safe on some platforms:
This function is not thread-safe on some platforms:
macOS 14, FreeBSD 13.2, Solaris 11.4, Cygwin 3.4.6, Haiku.
@end itemize

3
doc/posix-functions/readlinkat.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.9, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 4.4.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
Some platforms mistakenly succeed on file names ending in @file{/}:
macOS 14.

2
doc/posix-functions/renameat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not
multithread-safe.
thread-safe.
@item
This function is declared in @code{<unistd.h>}, not in @code{<stdio.h>},
on some platforms:

4
doc/posix-functions/setlocale.texi
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@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ always fails. The replacement, however, supports only the locale names
Portability problems fixed by Gnulib module @code{setlocale} or @code{setlocale-null}:
@itemize
@item
Invocations of @code{setlocale (..., NULL)} are not multithread-safe on some
Invocations of @code{setlocale (..., NULL)} are not thread-safe on some
platforms:
musl libc, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, AIX, Haiku, Cygwin.
To make these invocations multithread-safe, you need the Gnulib module
To make these invocations thread-safe, you need the Gnulib module
@code{setlocale}, or you need to change the code to invoke @code{setlocale_null}
or @code{setlocale_null_r} instead.
@end itemize

4
doc/posix-functions/sigprocmask.texi
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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ In case of failure, the return value is wrong on some platforms:
NetBSD 10.0 when libpthread is in use.
@item
POSIX says that in multi-threaded programs @code{sigprocmask} has
POSIX says that in multi-threaded processes @code{sigprocmask} has
unspecified behavior so @code{pthread_sigmask} should be used instead.
On most platforms, @code{sigprocmask} is essentially equivalent to
@code{pthread_sigmask}, with only a difference regarding the error
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The Gnulib replacement on native MS-Windows is not async-signal-safe
POSIX section ``Signal Actions''}).
@end itemize
Note: In single-threaded applications it's simpler to use
Note: In single-threaded programs it's simpler to use
@code{sigprocmask}, since it does not require compiling with
@code{-pthread} and/or linking with @code{-lpthread} on some platforms:
AIX.

2
doc/posix-functions/strerror_r.texi
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@@ -93,4 +93,4 @@ Portability problems not fixed by Gnulib:
Note: Gnulib has a module @code{xstrerror}, with the property that
@code{xstrerror (NULL, errnum)} returns the value of @code{strerror_r}
as a freshly allocated string.
(Recall that the expression @code{strerror (errnum)} is not multithread-safe.)
(Recall that the expression @code{strerror (errnum)} is not thread-safe.)

3
doc/posix-functions/symlinkat.texi
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@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
@item
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Solaris 10, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14, Android 4.4.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
Some platforms declare this function in @code{stdio.h} instead of
@code{unistd.h}:

3
doc/posix-functions/unlinkat.texi
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@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Portability problems fixed by Gnulib:
This function is missing on some platforms:
glibc 2.3.6, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8,
AIX 5.1, HP-UX 11, Cygwin 1.5.x, mingw, MSVC 14.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not multithread-safe.
But the replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and
is not thread-safe.
@item
This function is declared in @code{<fcntl.h>}, not in @code{<unistd.h>},
on some platforms:

2
doc/posix-functions/utimensat.texi
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ glibc 2.5, Mac OS X 10.5, FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 5.0, OpenBSD 3.8, Minix 3.1.8, AIX
However, the replacement function may end up truncating timestamps to
worse resolution than supported by the file system. Furthermore, the
replacement function is not safe to be used in libraries and is not
multithread-safe.
thread-safe.
@item
This function returns a bogus value instead of failing with
@code{ENOSYS} on some platforms:

2
doc/posix-headers/time.texi
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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ AIX 7.3, HP-UX 11, Solaris 11.4, mingw, MSVC 14.
On some platforms the global state variables @code{daylight},
@code{timezone} and @code{tzname} are not available. Even on
platforms where they are available, their contents are often unreliable,
even in single-threaded programs.
even in single-threaded processes.
Portable code can instead use @code{struct tm}'s @code{tm_gmtoff} and
@code{tm_zone} members when available, and the @code{strftime} function
with @code{%z} or @code{%Z} conversion specifiers otherwise.

2
doc/quote.texi
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@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ Hence if you need more than one thing quoted at the same time, you
need to use @code{quote_n}.
@findex quotearg_alloc
Also, the @code{quote} module is not suited for multithreaded applications.
Also, the @code{quote} module is not suited for multithreaded processes.
In that case, you have to use @code{quotearg_alloc}, defined in the
@samp{quotearg} module, which is decidedly less convenient.

2
lib/boot-time.h
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ extern "C" {
The difference can matter in GNU/Linux, where times in /proc/stat
might be relative to boot time of the host, not the container.
This function is not multithread-safe, since on many platforms it
This function is not thread-safe, since on many platforms it
invokes the functions setutxent, getutxent, endutxent.
These functions may lock a file like /var/log/wtmp (so that we
don't read garbage when a concurrent process writes to that file),

2
lib/c-stack.c
View File

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
(e.g., with malloc). Yes, this is a pain, but we don't know of any
better solution that is portable.
No attempt has been made to deal with multithreaded applications. */
No attempt has been made to deal with multithreaded processes. */
#include <config.h>

8
lib/c-strtod.c
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@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ static char
decimal_point_char (void)
{
const char *point;
/* Determine it in a multithread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
multithread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be multithread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely multithread-safe. */
/* Determine it in a thread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
thread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be thread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is thread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely thread-safe. */
# if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && (__GLIBC__ || defined __UCLIBC__ || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__))
point = nl_langinfo (RADIXCHAR);
# elif 1

2
lib/chdir-long.c
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
/* The results of openat() in this file are not leaked to any
single-threaded code that could use stdio.
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for multi-thread safety for
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for thread safety for
avoiding standard fds, then we should use openat_safer. */
struct cd_buf

2
lib/clean-temp-private.h
View File

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct all_tempdirs
extern struct all_tempdirs dir_cleanup_list;
/* A file descriptor to be closed.
In multithreaded programs, it is forbidden to close the same fd twice,
In multithreaded processes, it is forbidden to close the same fd twice,
because you never know what unrelated open() calls are being executed in
other threads. So, the 'close (fd)' must be guarded by a once-only guard. */
struct closeable_fd

4
lib/clean-temp.h
View File

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ extern "C" {
Limitations: Files or directories can still be left over if
- the program dies from a fatal signal such as SIGQUIT, SIGKILL, or
SIGABRT, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGILL, SIGFPE, or
- in a multithreaded program, the fatal signal handler is already running
while another thread of the program creates a new temporary directory
- in a multithreaded process, the fatal signal handler is already running
while another thread of the process creates a new temporary directory
or temporary file, or
- on native Windows, some temporary files are used by a subprocess while
the fatal signal interrupts the program.

2
lib/ctime.c
View File

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ rpl_ctime (const time_t *tp)
const char *tz = getenv ("TZ");
if (tz != NULL && strchr (tz, '/') != NULL)
{
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is multithread-safe.
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is thread-safe.
(If we were to use _putenv ("TZ="), it would free the memory allocated
for the environment variable "TZ", and thus other threads that are
using the previously fetched value of getenv ("TZ") could crash.) */

4
lib/fatal-signal.c
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@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static int fatal_signals[] =
static void
init_fatal_signals (void)
{
/* This function is multithread-safe even without synchronization, because
/* This function is thread-safe even without synchronization, because
if two threads execute it simultaneously, the fatal_signals[] array will
not change any more after the first of the threads has completed this
function. */
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ install_handlers (void)
}
/* Lock that makes at_fatal_signal multi-thread safe. */
/* Lock that makes at_fatal_signal thread-safe. */
gl_lock_define_initialized (static, at_fatal_signal_lock)
/* Register a cleanup function to be executed when a catchable fatal signal

4
lib/fclose.c
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@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ rpl_fclose (FILE *fp)
overridden close() function invokes. See lib/close.c. */
#if WINDOWS_SOCKETS
/* Call the overridden close(), then the original fclose().
Note about multithread-safety: There is a race condition where some
Note about thread safety: There is a race condition where some
other thread could open fd between our close and fclose. */
if (close (fd) < 0 && saved_errno == 0)
saved_errno = errno;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ rpl_fclose (FILE *fp)
/* Call fclose() and invoke all hooks of the overridden close(). */
# if REPLACE_FCHDIR
/* Note about multithread-safety: There is a race condition here as well.
/* Note about thread safety: There is a race condition here as well.
Some other thread could open fd between our calls to fclose and
_gl_unregister_fd. */
result = fclose_nothrow (fp);

2
lib/file-remote.c
View File

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ file_is_remote (const char *file)
#else /* Unknown OS */
# if defined SLOW_AND_OVERKILL
/* This makes many system calls, is therefore slow, and
is also not multithread-safe. */
is also not thread-safe. */
struct stat statbuf;
if (stat (file, &statbuf) < 0)
return -1;

2
lib/fstrcmp.c
View File

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
/* Because fstrcmp is typically called multiple times, attempt to minimize
the number of memory allocations performed. Thus, let a call reuse the
memory already allocated by the previous call, if it is sufficient.
To make it multithread-safe, without need for a lock that protects the
To make it thread-safe, without need for a lock that protects the
already allocated memory, store the allocated memory per thread. Free
it only when the thread exits. */

2
lib/getcwd.c
View File

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
/* The results of opendir() in this file are not used with dirfd and fchdir,
and we do not leak fds to any single-threaded code that could use stdio,
therefore save some unnecessary recursion in fchdir.c.
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for multi-thread safety for
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for thread safety for
avoiding standard fds, then we should use opendir_safer and
openat_safer. */
#ifdef GNULIB_defined_DIR

2
lib/getlogin_r.c
View File

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ getlogin_r (char *name, size_t size)
char tty[1024];
if (ttyname_r (STDIN_FILENO, tty, sizeof (tty)) == 0)
{
/* We cannot use read_utmp here, since it is not multithread-safe. */
/* We cannot use read_utmp here, since it is not thread-safe. */
/* Fallback for systems which don't maintain an utmp database
or for ttys that are not recorded in that the utmp database:
Look at the owner of that tty. */

6
lib/getumask.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Retrieve the umask of the process (multithread-safe).
/* Retrieve the umask of the process (thread-safe).
Copyright (C) 2020-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
Each has its drawbacks:
(a) Causes additional system calls. May fail in some rare cases.
(b) Causes globally visible code complexity / maintainer effort.
(c) Is not multithread-safe: open() calls in other threads may
(c) Is not thread-safe: open() calls in other threads may
create files with wrong access permissions.
Here we implement (a), as the least evil. */
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ mode_t
getumask (void)
{
#if 0
/* This is not multithread-safe! */
/* This is not thread-safe! */
mode_t mask = umask (0);
umask (mask);
return mask;

2
lib/glthread/cond.h
View File

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ extern int glthread_in_use (void);
that libpthread would not be loaded after libintl; i.e. if libintl is
loaded first, by an executable that does not depend on libpthread, and
then a module is dynamically loaded that depends on libpthread, libintl
will not be multithread-safe. */
will not be thread-safe. */
/* The way to test at runtime whether libpthread is present is to test
whether a function pointer's value, such as &pthread_mutex_init, is

2
lib/glthread/once.h
View File

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ extern int glthread_in_use (void);
that libpthread would not be loaded after libintl; i.e. if libintl is
loaded first, by an executable that does not depend on libpthread, and
then a module is dynamically loaded that depends on libpthread, libintl
will not be multithread-safe. */
will not be thread-safe. */
/* The way to test at runtime whether libpthread is present is to test
whether a function pointer's value, such as &pthread_mutex_init, is

2
lib/glthread/thread.h
View File

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ extern int glthread_in_use (void);
that libpthread would not be loaded after libintl; i.e. if libintl is
loaded first, by an executable that does not depend on libpthread, and
then a module is dynamically loaded that depends on libpthread, libintl
will not be multithread-safe. */
will not be thread-safe. */
/* The way to test at runtime whether libpthread is present is to test
whether a function pointer's value, such as &pthread_mutex_init, is

2
lib/idpriv.h
View File

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ extern "C" {
As explained above, this approach has uncontrollable dangers for
security.
This approach is normally not usable in multithreaded programs, because
This approach is normally not usable in multithreaded processes, because
you cannot know what kind of system calls the other threads could be
doing during the time the privileges are enabled.

8
lib/localcharset.c
View File

@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ static const struct table_entry locale_table[] =
The result must not be freed; it is statically allocated. The result
becomes invalid when setlocale() is used to change the global locale, or
when the value of one of the environment variables LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG
is changed; threads in multithreaded programs should not do this.
is changed; threads in multithreaded processes should not do this.
If the canonical name cannot be determined, the result is a non-canonical
name. */
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ locale_charset (void)
{
const char *codeset;
/* This function must be multithread-safe. To achieve this without using
/* This function must be thread-safe. To achieve this without using
thread-local storage, we use a simple strcpy or memcpy to fill this static
buffer. Filling it through, for example, strcpy + strcat would not be
guaranteed to leave the buffer's contents intact if another thread is
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ locale_charset (void)
return dot;
if (modifier - dot < sizeof (resultbuf))
{
/* This way of filling resultbuf is multithread-safe. */
/* This way of filling resultbuf is thread-safe. */
memcpy (resultbuf, dot, modifier - dot);
resultbuf [modifier - dot] = '\0';
return resultbuf;
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ locale_charset (void)
return dot;
if (modifier - dot < sizeof (resultbuf))
{
/* This way of filling resultbuf is multithread-safe. */
/* This way of filling resultbuf is thread-safe. */
memcpy (resultbuf, dot, modifier - dot);
resultbuf [modifier - dot] = '\0';
return resultbuf;

2
lib/localcharset.h
View File

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ extern "C" {
The result must not be freed; it is statically allocated. The result
becomes invalid when setlocale() is used to change the global locale, or
when the value of one of the environment variables LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG
is changed; threads in multithreaded programs should not do this.
is changed; threads in multithreaded processes should not do this.
If the canonical name cannot be determined, the result is a non-canonical
name. */
extern const char * locale_charset (void);

2
lib/localtime.c
View File

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ rpl_localtime (const time_t *tp)
const char *tz = getenv ("TZ");
if (tz != NULL && strchr (tz, '/') != NULL)
{
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is multithread-safe.
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is thread-safe.
(If we were to use _putenv ("TZ="), it would free the memory allocated
for the environment variable "TZ", and thus other threads that are
using the previously fetched value of getenv ("TZ") could crash.) */

4
lib/mbrtowc-impl.h
View File

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
if (enc == enc_utf8) /* UTF-8 */
{
/* Achieve
- multi-thread safety and
- thread safety and
- the ability to produce wide character values > WCHAR_MAX
by not calling mbtowc() at all. */
#include "mbrtowc-impl-utf8.h"
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
else
{
/* The hidden internal state of mbtowc would make this function not
multi-thread safe. Achieve multi-thread safety through a lock. */
thread-safe. Achieve thread safety through a lock. */
{
wchar_t wc;
res = mbtowc_with_lock (&wc, p, m);

8
lib/msvc-inval.h
View File

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ extern "C" {
/* Ensure that the invalid parameter handler in installed that just returns.
Because we assume no other part of the program installs a different
invalid parameter handler, this solution is multithread-safe. */
invalid parameter handler, this solution is thread-safe. */
extern void gl_msvc_inval_ensure_handler (void);
# ifdef __cplusplus
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ extern void gl_msvc_inval_ensure_handler (void);
/* A compiler that supports __try/__except, as described in the page
"try-except statement" on microsoft.com
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/try-except-statement>.
With __try/__except, we can use the multithread-safe exception handling. */
With __try/__except, we can use the thread-safe exception handling. */
# ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ extern "C" {
/* Ensure that the invalid parameter handler in installed that raises a
software exception with code STATUS_GNULIB_INVALID_PARAMETER.
Because we assume no other part of the program installs a different
invalid parameter handler, this solution is multithread-safe. */
invalid parameter handler, this solution is thread-safe. */
extern void gl_msvc_inval_ensure_handler (void);
# ifdef __cplusplus
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ struct gl_msvc_inval_per_thread
control to the gl_msvc_inval_restart if it is valid, or raises a
software exception with code STATUS_GNULIB_INVALID_PARAMETER otherwise.
Because we assume no other part of the program installs a different
invalid parameter handler, this solution is multithread-safe. */
invalid parameter handler, this solution is thread-safe. */
extern void gl_msvc_inval_ensure_handler (void);
/* Return a pointer to the per-thread data for the current thread. */

2
lib/nl_langinfo.c
View File

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
#endif
/* nl_langinfo() must be multithread-safe. To achieve this without using
/* nl_langinfo() must be thread-safe. To achieve this without using
thread-local storage:
1. We use a specific static buffer for each possible argument.
So that different threads can call nl_langinfo with different arguments,

2
lib/pagealign_alloc.h
View File

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ extern "C" {
#endif
/* Note: The functions declared in this file are NOT multithread-safe. */
/* Note: The functions declared in this file are NOT thread-safe. */
/* Free a memory block.

2
lib/pread.c
View File

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
/* The following is identical to the function from glibc's
sysdeps/posix/pread.c */
/* Note: This implementation of pread is not multithread-safe. */
/* Note: This implementation of pread is not thread-safe. */
ssize_t
pread (int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte, off_t offset)

2
lib/pwrite.c
View File

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
#define __set_errno(Val) errno = (Val)
#define __libc_write(f,b,n) write (f, b, n)
/* Note: This implementation of pwrite is not multithread-safe. */
/* Note: This implementation of pwrite is not thread-safe. */
ssize_t
pwrite (int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte, off_t offset)

2
lib/readutmp.h
View File

@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ char *extract_trimmed_name (const STRUCT_UTMP *ut)
If OPTIONS & READ_UTMP_NO_BOOT_TIME is nonzero, omit the boot time
entries.
This function is not multithread-safe, since on many platforms it
This function is not thread-safe, since on many platforms it
invokes the functions setutxent, getutxent, endutxent. These
functions are needed because they may lock FILE (so that we don't
read garbage when a concurrent process writes to FILE), but their

2
lib/scandir.c
View File

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
/* The results of opendir() in this file are not used with dirfd and fchdir,
and we do not leak fds to any single-threaded code that could use stdio,
therefore save some unnecessary recursion in fchdir.c and opendir_safer.c.
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for multi-thread safety for
FIXME - if the kernel ever adds support for thread safety for
avoiding standard fds, then we should use opendir_safer. */
# ifdef GNULIB_defined_DIR
# undef DIR

4
lib/setlocale-fixes.c
View File

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ setlocale_messages (const char *name)
const char *
setlocale_messages_null (void)
{
/* This implementation is multithread-safe, assuming no other thread changes
/* This implementation is thread-safe, assuming no other thread changes
the LC_MESSAGES locale category. */
return lc_messages_name;
}
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ setlocale_fixed (int category, const char *name)
const char *
setlocale_fixed_null (int category)
{
/* This implementation is multithread-safe, assuming no other thread changes
/* This implementation is thread-safe, assuming no other thread changes
any locale category. */
if (category == LC_ALL)
return lc_all_name;

2
lib/setlocale-fixes.h
View File

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ extern "C" {
extern const char *setlocale_messages (const char *name);
/* setlocale_messages_null () is like setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, NULL), except that
it is guaranteed to be multithread-safe. */
it is guaranteed to be thread-safe. */
extern const char *setlocale_messages_null (void);
#endif

2
lib/setlocale.c
View File

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ extern void gl_locale_name_canonicalize (char *name);
# error "This file should only be compiled if NEED_SETLOCALE_IMPROVED || NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE."
# endif
/* Like setlocale, but guaranteed to be multithread-safe if LOCALE == NULL. */
/* Like setlocale, but guaranteed to be thread-safe if LOCALE == NULL. */
# if !SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE || !SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE /* i.e. if NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE */
# if NEED_SETLOCALE_IMPROVED

2
lib/setlocale_null.c
View File

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ setlocale_null (int category)
return setlocale_null_unlocked (category);
#else
/* This call must be multithread-safe. To achieve this without using
/* This call must be thread-safe. To achieve this without using
thread-local storage:
1. We use a specific static buffer for each possible CATEGORY
argument. So that different threads can call setlocale_mtsafe

12
lib/setlocale_null.h
View File

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ extern "C" {
CATEGORY is invalid, or ERANGE if BUFSIZE is smaller than the length needed
size (including the trailing NUL byte). In the latter case, a truncated
result is returned in BUF, but still NUL-terminated if BUFSIZE > 0.
This call is guaranteed to be multithread-safe only if
This call is guaranteed to be thread-safe only if
- CATEGORY != LC_ALL and SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE is true, or
- CATEGORY == LC_ALL and SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE is true,
and the other threads must not make other setlocale invocations (since
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ extern int setlocale_null_r_unlocked (int category, char *buf, size_t bufsize)
/* setlocale_null_unlocked (CATEGORY) is like setlocale (CATEGORY, NULL).
The return value is NULL if CATEGORY is invalid.
This call is guaranteed to be multithread-safe only if
This call is guaranteed to be thread-safe only if
- CATEGORY != LC_ALL and SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE is true, or
- CATEGORY == LC_ALL and SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE is true,
and the other threads must not make other setlocale invocations (since
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ extern const char *setlocale_null_unlocked (int category);
/* setlocale_null_r (CATEGORY, BUF, BUFSIZE) is like setlocale (CATEGORY, NULL),
except that
- it is guaranteed to be multithread-safe,
- it is guaranteed to be thread-safe,
- it returns the resulting locale category name or locale name in the
user-supplied buffer BUF, which must be BUFSIZE bytes long.
The recommended minimum buffer size is
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ extern const char *setlocale_null_unlocked (int category);
CATEGORY is invalid, or ERANGE if BUFSIZE is smaller than the length needed
size (including the trailing NUL byte). In the latter case, a truncated
result is returned in BUF, but still NUL-terminated if BUFSIZE > 0.
For this call to be multithread-safe, *all* calls to
For this call to be thread-safe, *all* calls to
setlocale (CATEGORY, NULL) in all other threads must have been converted
to use setlocale_null_r or setlocale_null as well, and the other threads
must not make other setlocale invocations (since changing the global locale
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ extern int setlocale_null_r (int category, char *buf, size_t bufsize)
_GL_ARG_NONNULL ((2));
/* setlocale_null (CATEGORY) is like setlocale (CATEGORY, NULL), except that
it is guaranteed to be multithread-safe.
it is guaranteed to be thread-safe.
The return value is NULL if CATEGORY is invalid.
For this call to be multithread-safe, *all* calls to
For this call to be thread-safe, *all* calls to
setlocale (CATEGORY, NULL) in all other threads must have been converted
to use setlocale_null_r or setlocale_null as well, and the other threads
must not make other setlocale invocations (since changing the global locale

5
lib/sigpipe-die.h
View File

@@ -57,8 +57,9 @@ extern "C" {
/* Install a SIGPIPE handler that invokes PREPARE_DIE and then emits an
error message and exits. PREPARE_DIE may be NULL, meaning a no-op.
In a multithreaded program, this function must be called in the main thread,
before any other thread gets created. */
This function should be called only in single-threaded processes.
In a multithreaded process, this function is typically called early
in the main thread while the process is still single-threaded. */
extern void install_sigpipe_die_handler (void (*prepare_die) (void));

4
lib/sigprocmask.c
View File

@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ pthread_sigmask (int operation, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *old_set)
return 0;
}
/* sigprocmask is like pthread_sigmask, except that it has undefined behaviour
in multithreaded applications and a different return value convention. */
/* sigprocmask is like pthread_sigmask, but has unspecified behaviour
in multithreaded processes and a different return value convention. */
int
sigprocmask (int operation, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *old_set)
{

2
lib/sockets.c
View File

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ close_fd_maybe_socket (const struct fd_hook *remaining_list,
gl_close_fn primary,
int fd)
{
/* Note about multithread-safety: There is a race condition where, between
/* Note about thread safety: There is a race condition where, between
our calls to closesocket() and the primary close(), some other thread
could make system calls that allocate precisely the same HANDLE value
as sock; then the primary close() would call CloseHandle() on it. */

2
lib/stackvma.c
View File

@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ vma_iterate_bsd (struct callback_locals *locals)
size_t len = 0;
if (sysctl (info_path, 4, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
return -1;
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded program
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded process
new VMAs can be allocated at any moment. */
len = 2 * len + 200;
/* Allocate memneed bytes of memory.

2
lib/strerror.c
View File

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ strerror (int n)
buffer, so all other clients of strerror have to see the error
copied into a buffer that we manage. This is not thread-safe,
even if the system strerror is, but portable programs shouldn't
be using strerror if they care about thread-safety. */
be using strerror if they care about thread safety. */
if (!msg || !*msg)
{
static char const fmt[] = "Unknown error %d";

2
lib/striconveha.c
View File

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ uniconv_register_autodetect (const char *name,
new_alias->name = new_name;
new_alias->encodings_to_try = new_try_in_order;
new_alias->next = NULL;
/* FIXME: Not multithread-safe. */
/* FIXME: Not thread-safe. */
*autodetect_list_end = new_alias;
autodetect_list_end = &new_alias->next;
return 0;

8
lib/string.in.h
View File

@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ _GL_WARN_ON_USE_CXX (strrchr,
If *STRINGP was already NULL, nothing happens.
Return the old value of *STRINGP.
This is a variant of strtok() that is multithread-safe and supports
This is a variant of strtok() that is thread-safe and supports
empty fields.
Caveat: It modifies the original string.
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ _GL_WARN_ON_USE (strcasestr, "strcasestr does work correctly on character "
x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp); // x = NULL
// s = "abc\0-def\0"
This is a variant of strtok() that is multithread-safe.
This is a variant of strtok() that is thread-safe.
For the POSIX documentation for this function, see:
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strtok.html
@@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@ _GL_WARN_ON_USE (strerror, "strerror is unportable - "
"use gnulib module strerror to guarantee non-NULL result");
#endif
/* Map any int, typically from errno, into an error message. Multithread-safe.
/* Map any int, typically from errno, into an error message. Thread-safe.
Uses the POSIX declaration, not the glibc declaration. */
#if @GNULIB_STRERROR_R@
# if @REPLACE_STRERROR_R@
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ _GL_WARN_ON_USE (strerror_l, "strerror_l is unportable - "
# endif
#endif
/* Map any int, typically from errno, into an error message. Multithread-safe,
/* Map any int, typically from errno, into an error message. Thread-safe,
with locale_t argument.
Not portable! Only provided by gnulib. */
#if @GNULIB_STRERROR_L@

8
lib/strtod.c
View File

@@ -125,10 +125,10 @@ static char
decimal_point_char (void)
{
const char *point;
/* Determine it in a multithread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
multithread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be multithread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely multithread-safe. */
/* Determine it in a thread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
thread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be thread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is thread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely thread-safe. */
#if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && (__GLIBC__ || defined __UCLIBC__ || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__))
point = nl_langinfo (RADIXCHAR);
#elif 1

14
lib/thread-optim.h
View File

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
#ifndef _THREAD_OPTIM_H
#define _THREAD_OPTIM_H
/* This file defines a way to optimize multithreaded code for the single-thread
case, based on the variable '__libc_single_threaded', defined in
glibc >= 2.32. */
/* This file defines a way to optimize multithreaded code for the
single-threaded case, based on the variable '__libc_single_threaded',
defined in glibc >= 2.32. */
/* Typical use: In a block or function, use
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@
if (mt)
if (pthread_mutex_unlock (&lock)) abort ();
The gl_multithreaded () invocation determines whether the program currently
is multithreaded.
gl_multithreaded () returns true if the process might be multithreaded,
and false if the process is definitely single-threaded.
if (mt) STATEMENT executes STATEMENT in the multithreaded case, and skips
it in the single-threaded case.
if (mt) STATEMENT executes STATEMENT in the possibly-multithreaded case,
and skips it in the single-threaded case.
The code between the gl_multithreaded () invocation and any use of the
variable 'mt' must not create threads or invoke functions that may

2
lib/time_r.c
View File

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
#include <time.h>
/* The replacement functions in this file are only used on native Windows.
They are multithread-safe, because the gmtime() and localtime() functions
They are thread-safe, because the gmtime() and localtime() functions
on native Windows — both in the ucrt and in the older MSVCRT — return a
pointer to a 'struct tm' in thread-local memory. */

2
lib/time_rz.c
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
/* Written by Paul Eggert. */
/* Although this module is not thread-safe, any races should be fairly
rare and reasonably benign. For complete thread-safety, use a C
rare and reasonably benign. For complete thread safety, use a C
library with a working timezone_t type, so that this module is not
needed. */

4
lib/ttyname_r.c
View File

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ttyname_r (int fd, char *buf, size_t buflen)
}
#elif HAVE_TTYNAME_R
/* When ttyname_r exists, use it. */
/* This code is multithread-safe. */
/* This code is thread-safe. */
/* On Solaris, ttyname_r always fails if buflen < 128.
So provide a buffer that is large enough. */
char largerbuf[512];
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ttyname_r (int fd, char *buf, size_t buflen)
# endif
return 0;
#elif HAVE_TTYNAME
/* Note: This is not multithread-safe. */
/* Note: This is not thread-safe. */
char *name = ttyname (fd);
if (name == NULL)
return errno;

2
lib/tzset.c
View File

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ rpl_tzset (void)
const char *tz = getenv ("TZ");
if (tz != NULL && strchr (tz, '/') != NULL)
{
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is multithread-safe.
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is thread-safe.
(If we were to use _putenv ("TZ="), it would free the memory allocated
for the environment variable "TZ", and thus other threads that are
using the previously fetched value of getenv ("TZ") could crash.) */

26
lib/vasnprintf.c
View File

@@ -402,10 +402,10 @@ static char
decimal_point_char (void)
{
const char *point;
/* Determine it in a multithread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
multithread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be multithread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely multithread-safe. */
/* Determine it in a thread-safe way. We know nl_langinfo is
thread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
to be thread-safe by POSIX. sprintf(), however, is thread-safe.
localeconv() is rarely thread-safe. */
# if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && (__GLIBC__ || defined __UCLIBC__ || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__))
point = nl_langinfo (RADIXCHAR);
# elif 1
@@ -432,13 +432,13 @@ decimal_point_char (void)
static const char *
thousands_separator_char (char stackbuf[10])
{
/* Determine it in a multithread-safe way.
We know nl_langinfo is multithread-safe on glibc systems, on Mac OS X
systems, and on NetBSD, but is not required to be multithread-safe by
/* Determine it in a thread-safe way.
We know nl_langinfo is thread-safe on glibc systems, on Mac OS X
systems, and on NetBSD, but is not required to be thread-safe by
POSIX.
localeconv() is not guaranteed to be multithread-safe by POSIX either;
localeconv() is not guaranteed to be thread-safe by POSIX either;
however, on native Windows it is (cf. test-localeconv-mt).
sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe. */
sprintf(), however, is thread-safe. */
# if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && (__GLIBC__ || defined __UCLIBC__ || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__) || defined __NetBSD__)
return nl_langinfo (THOUSEP);
# elif defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ thousands_separator_char (char stackbuf[10])
static const DCHAR_T *
thousands_separator_DCHAR (DCHAR_T stackbuf[10])
{
/* Determine it in a multithread-safe way. */
/* Determine it in a thread-safe way. */
char tmpbuf[10];
const char *tmp = thousands_separator_char (tmpbuf);
if (*tmp != '\0')
@@ -589,9 +589,9 @@ thousands_separator_wchar (wchar_t stackbuf[10])
static const signed char *
grouping_rule (void)
{
/* We know nl_langinfo is multithread-safe on glibc systems and on Cygwin,
but is not required to be multithread-safe by POSIX.
localeconv() is not guaranteed to be multithread-safe by POSIX either;
/* We know nl_langinfo is thread-safe on glibc systems and on Cygwin,
but is not required to be thread-safe by POSIX.
localeconv() is not guaranteed to be thread-safe by POSIX either;
however, on all known systems it is (cf. test-localeconv-mt). */
# if __GLIBC__ >= 2
return (const signed char *) nl_langinfo (GROUPING);

6
lib/vma-iter.c
View File

@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ vma_iterate_bsd (vma_iterate_callback_fn callback, void *data)
size_t len = 0;
if (sysctl (info_path, 4, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
return -1;
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded program
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded process
new VMAs can be allocated at any moment. */
len = 2 * len + 200;
/* Allocate memneed bytes of memory.
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ vma_iterate_bsd (vma_iterate_callback_fn callback, void *data)
size_t len = 0;
if (sysctl (info_path, 5, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
return -1;
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded program
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded process
new VMAs can be allocated at any moment. */
len = 2 * len + 10 * entry_size;
/* But the system call rejects lengths > 1 MB. */
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ vma_iterate_bsd (vma_iterate_callback_fn callback, void *data)
size_t len = 0;
if (sysctl (info_path, 3, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
return -1;
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded program
/* Allow for small variations over time. In a multithreaded process
new VMAs can be allocated at any moment. */
len = 2 * len + 10 * sizeof (struct kinfo_vmentry);
/* But the system call rejects lengths > 64 KB. */

2
lib/wcrtomb.c
View File

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ wcrtomb (char *s, wchar_t wc, mbstate_t *ps)
#else /* HP-UX 11.00, mingw */
/* Fallback for platforms that don't have wcrtomb().
Implement on top of wctomb().
This code is not multithread-safe. */
This code is not thread-safe. */
int ret = wctomb (s, wc);
if (ret >= 0)

2
lib/wcsftime.c
View File

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ rpl_wcsftime (wchar_t *buf, size_t bufsize, const wchar_t *format, const struct
const char *tz = getenv ("TZ");
if (tz != NULL && strchr (tz, '/') != NULL)
{
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is multithread-safe.
/* Neutralize it, in a way that is thread-safe.
(If we were to use _putenv ("TZ="), it would free the memory allocated
for the environment variable "TZ", and thus other threads that are
using the previously fetched value of getenv ("TZ") could crash.) */

2
lib/xstrerror.h
View File

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ extern "C" {
MESSAGE and the (internationalized) description of the error code ERRNUM.
Upon [ENOMEM] memory allocation error, call xalloc_die.
This function is multithread-safe. */
This function is thread-safe. */
extern char *xstrerror (const char *message, int errnum)
_GL_ATTRIBUTE_MALLOC _GL_ATTRIBUTE_DEALLOC_FREE
_GL_ATTRIBUTE_RETURNS_NONNULL;

2
m4/gnulib-common.m4
View File

@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_COMMON_BODY], [
# endif
#endif
/* The following attributes enable detection of multithread-safety problems
/* The following attributes enable detection of thread safety problems
and resource leaks at compile-time, by clang ≥ 15, when the warning option
-Wthread-safety is enabled. For usage, see
<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ThreadSafetyAnalysis.html>. */

4
m4/nl_langinfo.m4
View File

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_FUNC_NL_LANGINFO],
AC_CHECK_HEADERS_ONCE([threads.h])
if test $ac_cv_func_nl_langinfo = yes; then
# On macOS 26, Solaris 10, and Solaris 11.3, nl_langinfo is not
# multithread-safe.
# thread-safe.
case "$host_os" in
darwin* | solaris*) NL_LANGINFO_MTSAFE=0 ;;
*) NL_LANGINFO_MTSAFE=1 ;;
esac
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([NL_LANGINFO_MTSAFE], [$NL_LANGINFO_MTSAFE],
[Define to 1 if nl_langinfo is multithread-safe.])
[Define to 1 if nl_langinfo is thread-safe.])
if test $HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET = 1 \
&& test $HAVE_LANGINFO_ALTMON = 1 \
&& test $HAVE_LANGINFO_ABALTMON = 1 \

6
m4/pthread_sigmask.m4
View File

@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_FUNC_PTHREAD_SIGMASK],
])
fi
dnl We want to be able to use pthread_sigmask as a multithread-safe
dnl We want to be able to use pthread_sigmask as a thread-safe
dnl replacement of sigprocmask, in both single-threaded and multithreaded
dnl programs. Therefore enforce PTHREAD_SIGMASK_LIB to be empty, whenever
dnl processes. Therefore enforce PTHREAD_SIGMASK_LIB to be empty, whenever
dnl possible.
if test -n "$PTHREAD_SIGMASK_LIB"; then
dnl We get here on glibc ≤ 2.31, NetBSD, OpenBSD ≤ 5.8, AIX.
dnl Except on AIX, pthread_sigmask and sigprocmask are equivalent.
dnl Whereas on AIX, sigprocmask is not allowed in multithreaded programs
dnl Whereas on AIX, sigprocmask is not allowed in multithreaded processes
dnl <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2.0?topic=s-sigprocmask-sigsetmask-sigblock-subroutine>.
AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])
case "$host_os" in

2
m4/random.m4
View File

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_FUNC_RANDOM],
future*) REPLACE_SETSTATE=1 ;;
esac
fi
dnl On several platforms, random() is not multithread-safe.
dnl On several platforms, random() is not thread-safe.
if test $ac_cv_func_initstate = no || test $ac_cv_func_setstate = no \
|| case "$host_os" in \
darwin* | freebsd* | solaris* | cygwin* | haiku*) true ;; \

4
m4/setlocale.m4
View File

@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_FUNC_SETLOCALE],
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([NEED_SETLOCALE_IMPROVED], [$NEED_SETLOCALE_IMPROVED],
[Define to 1 to enable general improvements of setlocale.])
dnl Test whether we need a multithread-safe setlocale(category,NULL).
dnl Test whether we need a thread-safe setlocale(category,NULL).
NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE=0
if test $SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE = 0 || test $SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE = 0; then
NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE=1
fi
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE], [$NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE],
[Define to 1 to enable a multithread-safety fix of setlocale.])
[Define to 1 to enable a thread safety fix of setlocale.])
if test $NEED_SETLOCALE_IMPROVED = 1 || test $NEED_SETLOCALE_MTSAFE = 1; then
REPLACE_SETLOCALE=1

8
m4/setlocale_null.m4
View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([gl_FUNC_SETLOCALE_NULL],
AC_REQUIRE([gl_PTHREADLIB])
AC_CHECK_HEADERS_ONCE([threads.h])
AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether setlocale (LC_ALL, NULL) is multithread-safe],
AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether setlocale (LC_ALL, NULL) is thread-safe],
[gl_cv_func_setlocale_null_all_mtsafe],
[case "$host_os" in
# Guess no on musl libc, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, AIX, Haiku.
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([gl_FUNC_SETLOCALE_NULL],
*) SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE=0 ;;
esac
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE], [$SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE],
[Define to 1 if setlocale (LC_ALL, NULL) is multithread-safe.])
[Define to 1 if setlocale (LC_ALL, NULL) is thread-safe.])
dnl This is about a single category (not LC_ALL).
AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether setlocale (category, NULL) is multithread-safe],
AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether setlocale (category, NULL) is thread-safe],
[gl_cv_func_setlocale_null_one_mtsafe],
[case "$host_os" in
# Guess no on OpenBSD, AIX.
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ AC_DEFUN_ONCE([gl_FUNC_SETLOCALE_NULL],
*) SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE=0 ;;
esac
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE], [$SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE],
[Define to 1 if setlocale (category, NULL) is multithread-safe.])
[Define to 1 if setlocale (category, NULL) is thread-safe.])
dnl Determine link dependencies of lib/setlocale_null.c and lib/setlocale-lock.c.
if test $SETLOCALE_NULL_ALL_MTSAFE = 0 || test $SETLOCALE_NULL_ONE_MTSAFE = 0; then

18
m4/threadlib.m4
View File

@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ dnl -------------
dnl Tests for the libraries needs for using the POSIX threads API.
dnl Sets the variable LIBPTHREAD to the linker options for use in a Makefile.
dnl Sets the variable LIBPMULTITHREAD, for programs that really need
dnl multithread functionality. The difference between LIBPTHREAD and
dnl multithreading. The difference between LIBPTHREAD and
dnl LIBPMULTITHREAD is that on platforms supporting weak symbols, typically
dnl LIBPTHREAD is empty whereas LIBPMULTITHREAD is not.
dnl Sets the variable SCHED_YIELD_LIB to the linker options needed to use the
dnl sched_yield() function.
dnl Adds to CPPFLAGS the flag -D_REENTRANT or -D_THREAD_SAFE if needed for
dnl multithread-safe programs.
dnl thread-safe programs.
dnl Defines the C macro HAVE_PTHREAD_API if (at least parts of) the POSIX
dnl threads API is available.
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ dnl ---------------
dnl Tests for the libraries needs for using the ISO C threads API.
dnl Sets the variable LIBSTDTHREAD to the linker options for use in a Makefile.
dnl Adds to CPPFLAGS the flag -D_REENTRANT or -D_THREAD_SAFE if needed for
dnl multithread-safe programs.
dnl thread-safe programs.
dnl Defines the C macro HAVE_THREADS_H if (at least parts of) the ISO C threads
dnl API is available.
@@ -400,11 +400,11 @@ dnl Sets the variables LIBTHREAD and LTLIBTHREAD to the linker options for use
dnl in a Makefile (LIBTHREAD for use without libtool, LTLIBTHREAD for use with
dnl libtool).
dnl Sets the variables LIBMULTITHREAD and LTLIBMULTITHREAD similarly, for
dnl programs that really need multithread functionality. The difference
dnl programs that really need multithreading. The difference
dnl between LIBTHREAD and LIBMULTITHREAD is that on platforms supporting weak
dnl symbols, typically LIBTHREAD is empty whereas LIBMULTITHREAD is not.
dnl Adds to CPPFLAGS the flag -D_REENTRANT or -D_THREAD_SAFE if needed for
dnl multithread-safe programs.
dnl thread-safe programs.
dnl Since support for GNU pth was removed, $LTLIBTHREAD and $LIBTHREAD have the
dnl same value, and similarly $LTLIBMULTITHREAD and $LIBMULTITHREAD have the
dnl same value. Only system libraries are needed.
@@ -436,12 +436,12 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_THREADLIB_EARLY_BODY],
m4_divert_text([DEFAULTS], [gl_use_winpthreads_default=no])
dnl Don't display the --disable-threads option
dnl - if the package builds one or more libraries, because libraries must
dnl always be multithread-safe (as far as possible),
dnl always be thread-safe (as far as possible),
dnl - if the package defines gl_THREADLIB_DEFAULT_NO, because the option
dnl would then be a no-op.
AC_ARG_ENABLE([threads],
AS_HELP_STRING([[--enable-threads={isoc|posix|isoc+posix|windows}]], [specify multithreading API])m4_ifdef([LT_INIT], [], [m4_ifdef([gl_THREADLIB_DEFAULT_NO], [], [
AS_HELP_STRING([[--disable-threads]], [build without multithread safety])])]),
AS_HELP_STRING([[--disable-threads]], [build without thread safety])])]),
[gl_use_threads=$enableval],
[if test -n "$gl_use_threads_default"; then
gl_use_threads="$gl_use_threads_default"
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_THREADLIB_BODY],
LTLIBMULTITHREAD=
AS_IF([test "$gl_use_threads" = no],
[AC_DEFINE([AVOID_ANY_THREADS], [1],
[Define if no multithread safety and no multithreading is desired.])],
[Define if neither thread safety nor multithreading is desired.])],
[
dnl Check whether the compiler and linker support weak declarations.
gl_WEAK_SYMBOLS
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_THREADLIB_BODY],
])
])
])
AC_MSG_CHECKING([for multithread API to use])
AC_MSG_CHECKING([for multithreading API to use])
AC_MSG_RESULT([$gl_threads_api])
AC_SUBST([LIBTHREAD])
AC_SUBST([LTLIBTHREAD])

2
modules/getumask
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Description:
getumask() function: retrieve the umask of the process (multithread-safe)
getumask() function: retrieve the umask of the process (thread-safe)
Files:
lib/getumask.c

2
modules/sigsegv
View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Description:
A simplified variant of GNU libsigsegv.
It implements the most important features of GNU libsigsegv: catching SIGSEGV
and catching stack overflow. It does *not* implement the 'sigsegv_dispatcher'
type (which is not multithread-safe).
type (which is not thread-safe).
It supports all modern Unix-like platforms: Linux, Hurd, FreeBSD, NetBSD,
OpenBSD, macOS, AIX, Solaris, Cygwin, Haiku. It does *not* support HP-UX, Minix,
native Windows; on these platforms the module compiles and provides a

6
modules/unlocked-io
View File

@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ AC_DEFINE([GNULIB_STDIO_SINGLE_THREAD], [1],
[Define to 1 if you want the FILE stream functions getc, putc, etc.
to use unlocked I/O if available, throughout the package.
Unlocked I/O can improve performance, sometimes dramatically.
But unlocked I/O is safe only in single-threaded programs,
as well as in multithreaded programs for which you can guarantee that
every FILE stream, including stdin, stdout, stderr, is used only
in a single thread.])
But unlocked I/O is safe only in processes in which two threads
never simultaneously access the same FILE stream.])
AC_DEFINE([USE_UNLOCKED_IO], [GNULIB_STDIO_SINGLE_THREAD],
[An alias of GNULIB_STDIO_SINGLE_THREAD.])

2
modules/xstrerror
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Description:
xstrerror() function: return diagnostic string based on error code.
Multithread-safe. With out-of-memory checking.
thread-safe. With out-of-memory checking.
Files:
lib/xstrerror.h

2
tests/test-c-strtod-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for c_strtod().
/* Thread safety test for c_strtod().
Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

2
tests/test-c-strtof-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for c_strtof().
/* Thread safety test for c_strtof().
Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

2
tests/test-c-strtold-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for c_strtold().
/* Thread safety test for c_strtold().
Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

2
tests/test-gmtime_r-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for gmtime_r().
/* Thread safety test for gmtime_r().
Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

2
tests/test-localeconv-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for localeconv()
/* Thread safety test for localeconv()
(in the absence of setlocale() or uselocale() calls).
Copyright (C) 2019-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

2
tests/test-localtime_r-mt.c
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/* Multithread-safety test for localtime_r().
/* Thread safety test for localtime_r().
Copyright (C) 2024-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

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