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MCamp859
35082e2787
Reordered text and included CL details in multi-boot.rst. Renamed “reset-bl” file references to “restore-bl” for clarity. Signed-off-by: MCamp859 <mary.camp@ptiglobal.net>
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ReStructuredText
272 lines
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ReStructuredText
.. _multi-boot:
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Multi-boot Clear Linux with other operating systems
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###################################################
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Starting with version 16140, |CLOSIA| uses the Systemd-Boot boot loader,
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which does not support multi-booting without manual manipulation. This
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document shows how to modify the boot loader for |CL| to work with other
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operating systems.
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Process overview
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****************
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The general process to install other operating systems for a
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multi-booting computer is as follows:
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#. Install |CL| first with a EFI partition large enough to store the kernels
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of other operating systems and their initrds in the case of Linux\*
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distributions.
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#. Install the next operating system without creating its own EFI
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partition.
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#. Boot into the newly installed operating system.
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#. For Linux distributions, copy its kernel and `initrd` to the |CL| EFI
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partition. This step is not needed for Windows\*.
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#. Add an entry for the newly installed operating system in the
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Systemd-Boot menu.
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#. Make Systemd-Boot the default boot loader.
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#. Repeat the previous steps for each additional operating system. Always
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install |CL| first. Install other operating systems in any order.
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.. note::
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This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and
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all their versions.
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Tested operating systems
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************************
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The following operating systems were tested on an Intel® NUC6i7KYK with 32GB
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RAM and a 360GB SSD. Table 1 lists the information specific to the
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installation of the tested operating systems.
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.. csv-table:: Table 1: OS specific installation information
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:header: # , OS, Version, Partition Size [1], Swap Size [2], EFI Partition Size [3], Download Link
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1,Clear Linux,16140,50GB,8GB,1GB,https://download.clearlinux.org/image/clear-15870-installer.img.xz
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2,Windows ,Server 2016,50GB,N/A,Shared with #1,From Microsoft
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3,RedHat,Server 7.4 Beta,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From RedHat
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4,SUSE,Server 12 SP2,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From SUSE
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5,Ubuntu,16.04.02 LTS Desktop,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
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6,Mint,18.1 ?Serena? MATE,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=228
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.. [#] Configure the partition size as desired.
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.. [#] To save disk space, a single swap partition can be shared among
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multiple Linux installations. Swap size was determined using these
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`recommended swap partition sizes`_.
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.. [#] This partition will hold the |CL| and other operating
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systems’ kernel and boot information. The partition size is dependent on
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the number of operating systems that will be installed. In general,
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allocate about 100MB per operating system. For this demonstration, we used
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1GB.
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.. note::
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Updating any installed operating systems will likely result
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in the |CL| Systemd-Boot no longer being the default
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boot loader. To restore it, see :ref:`multi-boot-restore-bl`.
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.. note::
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Updating any Linux installation may result in changes of their kernels or
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initrds. Keep their corresponding Systemd-Boot
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:file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-update.
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.. _multi-boot-detail-proc:
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Detailed procedures
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*******************
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:ref:`multi-boot-cl` (below)
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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multi-boot-win
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multi-boot-rhel
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multi-boot-sles
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multi-boot-ubuntu
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multi-boot-mint
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multi-boot-restore-bl
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.. _multi-boot-cl:
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Install the Clear Linux OS
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**************************
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#. Create a bootable USB drive of the |CL| installer using one of the methods
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below.
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-linux`
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-mac`
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-windows`
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#. Start the |CL| installer and follow the prompts.
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#. On the *Choose Installation Type* screen, choose *Manual (Advanced)*,
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as shown in Figure 1.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-01.png
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Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen
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.. note::
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If you are not familiar with text-based installation
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interfaces, here are some navigation tips:
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* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between
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the options on the screen.
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* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option.
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* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in
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Figure 2.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-02.png
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Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method
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#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda` and press :kbd:`Enter` to
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go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-03.png
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Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition
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#. Create a new root partition.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See Figure 4.
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.. _multi-boot-04:
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-04.png
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Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we
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specified *50GB*. See Figure 5.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-05.png
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Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`. See
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Figure 6.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-06.png
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Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to
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identify later. See Figure 7.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-07.png
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Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition
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#. Create a new swap partition. See Figure 8.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-08.png
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Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition
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#. Select the `free space` partition located at the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we
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used 8GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`.
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-swap`.
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#. Create a new EFI partition. See Figure 9.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-09.png
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Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition
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#. In the Partition Type column, select :guilabel:`free space` located at
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the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used
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1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other
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operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the
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number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100MB
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per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`.
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-EFI`.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Write` to apply the new partition table.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Quit` to exit the `cgdisk` tool.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Set mount points` screen, specify the mount points and
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format settings as shown in Figure 10.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-10.png
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Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points
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#. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select
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:guilabel:`Create an administrative user`. See Figure 11.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-11.png
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Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration
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#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`. See Figure 12.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-12.png
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Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer
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#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and go through
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the out-of-box-experience of |CL|.
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#. Log in.
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#. Get root privileges.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ sudo -s
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#. Add a timeout period for Systemd-Boot to wait, otherwise it will not
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present the boot menu and will always boot |CL|.
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.. code-block:: console
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# clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20
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# clr-boot-manager update
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#. Reboot.
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If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot-detail-proc`.
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.. _recommended swap partition sizes:
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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-swapspace.html
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