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<section id="cl-attr-on-virtualbox">
<span id="virtualbox-cl-installer"></span><h1>Clear Linux* OS on VirtualBox*<a class="headerlink" href="#cl-attr-on-virtualbox" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>This page explains how to create a virtual machine on the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.virtualbox.org">VirtualBox</a>
hypervisor with Clear Linux* OS as the guest operating system. These instructions
support the Clear Linux OS live-server installer to create the Clear Linux OS virtual machine (VM).</p>
<nav class="contents local" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#prerequisites" id="id14">Prerequisites</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#download-and-extract-the-cl-installer-iso" id="id15">Download and extract the Clear Linux OS installer ISO</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#create-a-new-vb-virtual-machine" id="id16">Create a new VirtualBox virtual machine</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#install-cl-on-the-vb-vm" id="id17">Install Clear Linux OS on the VirtualBox VM</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#troubleshooting" id="id18">Troubleshooting</a></p></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section id="prerequisites">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14" role="doc-backlink">Prerequisites</a><a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Enable virtualization, such as <a class="reference external" href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/virtualization/virtualization-technology/intel-virtualization-technology.html">Intel® Virtualization Technology</a>
(Intel® VT), on the host system from EFI/BIOS.</p></li>
<li><p>Download and install VirtualBox <strong>version 6.0 or later</strong> from
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.virtualbox.org">VirtualBox</a> using the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch02.html">VirtualBox Installation Instructions</a> for your
platform.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="download-and-extract-the-cl-installer-iso">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15" role="doc-backlink">Download and extract the Clear Linux OS installer ISO</a><a class="headerlink" href="#download-and-extract-the-cl-installer-iso" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Download the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clear-&lt;VERSION&gt;-live-server.iso.xz</span></code> of
Clear Linux OS on the <a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/downloads">Downloads</a> page.</p></li>
<li><p>Validate the integrity of the downloaded image by checking the file hash
and signatures. Refer to <a class="reference internal" href="../../guides/maintenance/validate-signatures.html#validate-signatures"><span class="std std-ref">Validate signatures</span></a> for detailed steps.</p></li>
<li><p>Decompress the downloaded image.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>On Windows, you can use <a class="reference external" href="http://www.7-zip.org/">7zip</a> to extract the file by right-clicking the
file to <em>Extract Here</em> (in the same directory)</p></li>
</ul>
<figure class="align-default" id="id2">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-01.png"><img alt="7zip extract here command" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-01.png" style="width: 900.0px; height: 160.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 1: 7zip extract here command</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<ul>
<li><p>On Linux :</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>xz<span class="w"> </span>-d<span class="w"> </span>clear-&lt;VERSION&gt;-live-server.iso.xz
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Delete the originally downloaded compressed file.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="create-a-new-vb-virtual-machine">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16" role="doc-backlink">Create a new VirtualBox virtual machine</a><a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-new-vb-virtual-machine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>A new <abbr title="Virtual Machine">VM</abbr> needs to be created in VirtualBox Manager where Clear Linux OS
will be installed. General instructions for creating a virtual machine and
details about using different settings are available in the VirtualBox manual section <a class="reference external" href="https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html#gui-createvm">Creating Your First Virtual Machine</a>.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Launch the VirtualBox Manager from your host system.</p></li>
<li><p>Click the <span class="guilabel">New</span> button to create a new VM.</p></li>
<li><p>Choose <span class="guilabel">Expert mode</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>On the <span class="guilabel">Create Virtual Machine</span> screen, enter the following settings:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Name</strong>: Choose name (e.g. ClearLinuxOS-VM).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Type</strong>: Linux</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Version</strong>: <strong>Linux 2.6 / 3.x / 4.x (64-bit)</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Hard disk</strong>: <cite>Create a virtual hard disk now</cite></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Memory size default</strong>: 2048 MB (Adjust appropriately.)</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Later, if you want to change the amount of RAM allocated, power down your VM. Return to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Settings</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">System</span></code> and change
<span class="guilabel">Base Memory</span> to the desired size.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="align-default" id="id3">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-02.png"><img alt="Create Virtual Machine" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-02.png" style="width: 625.0px; height: 493.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 2: Create Virtual Machine</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">Create</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>On the <span class="guilabel">Create Virtual Hard Disk</span> screen, select:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>File location</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>File size</strong>: <strong>32.00 GB</strong>. Adjust size to your needs.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Hard disk file type</strong>: <cite>VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image)</cite></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Storage on physical hard disk</strong>: <cite>Dynamically allocated</cite></p></li>
</ul>
<figure class="align-default" id="id4">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-03.png"><img alt="Create Virtual Hard Disk" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-03.png" style="width: 625.0px; height: 522.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 3: Create Virtual Hard Disk</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">Create</span>.</p>
<p>A new virtual machine will be created and appear in the VirtualBox Manager.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">Settings</span> to configure the Clear Linux OS VM.</p></li>
<li><p>In the left-hand menu, navigate to the <span class="menuselection">System</span> menu.</p></li>
<li><p>On the <span class="guilabel">Motherboard</span> tab, select the <span class="guilabel">Chipset</span> menu, and
then select <span class="menuselection">ICH9</span>. See Figure 4.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You can select which chipset will be presented to the virtual machine.
Consult the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E97728_01/E97727/html/settings-system.html">VM VirtualBox User Manual</a> for more details.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>In <span class="guilabel">Enabled Features</span>, check these boxes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>Enable I/O APIC</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Enable EFI (special OSes only)</strong></p></li>
</ul>
<figure class="align-default" id="id5">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-04.png"><img alt="Settings &gt; System" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-04.png" style="width: 625.0px; height: 327.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 4: Settings &gt; System</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>By default, only 1 virtual CPU is allocated to the new VM. Consider
increasing the number of virtual processors allocated to the virtual
machine under Settings &gt; System &gt; Processor for increased
performance.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">OK</span>.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="install-cl-on-the-vb-vm">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17" role="doc-backlink">Install Clear Linux OS on the VirtualBox VM</a><a class="headerlink" href="#install-cl-on-the-vb-vm" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Clear Linux OS is ready to be installed.</p>
<section id="mount-the-installation-iso">
<h3>Mount the installation ISO<a class="headerlink" href="#mount-the-installation-iso" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The Clear Linux OS installer ISO needs to be mounted as a virtual CD-ROM on the VM
before powering the VM on.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>From the <em>ClearLinux-OS</em> <span class="guilabel">Settings</span> menu at left, select
<span class="guilabel">Storage</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>From <span class="guilabel">Storage Devices</span>, middle column, click the blue
disk labeled <span class="guilabel">Empty</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>From the <span class="guilabel">Attributes</span> menu, click the blue CD disk next to
the <span class="guilabel">Optical Drive</span> drop down menu and click
<span class="guilabel">Choose Virtual Optical Disk File…</span></p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id6">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-05.png"><img alt="Choose Virtual Optical Disk Drive" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-05.png" style="width: 900.0px; height: 342.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 5: Choose Virtual Optical Disk Drive</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Where there appears <span class="guilabel">Please choose a virtual optical disk file</span>,
select the ISO file and click <em>Open</em>.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id7">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-06.png"><img alt="Mounting an ISO" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-06.png" style="width: 1209.0px; height: 264.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 6: Mounting an ISO</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">OK</span> to exit and return to the main VirtualBox Manager.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="install-cl-with-live-server-installer">
<h3>Install Clear Linux OS with live-server installer<a class="headerlink" href="#install-cl-with-live-server-installer" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>In the VirtualBox Manager, select virtual machine you created and click <span class="guilabel">Start</span>.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id8">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-07.png"><img alt="Start the installer" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-07.png" style="width: 792.0px; height: 370.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 7: Start the installer</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>To release the mouse cursor from the VM console window, press the right
<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Ctrl</kbd> key on the keyboard.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>When <span class="guilabel">Clear Linux Installer</span> in boot manager appears,
select <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Enter</kbd>. Do not install the bundle <cite>desktop-autostart</cite>.</p></li>
<li><p>Follow the steps in <a class="reference internal" href="../bare-metal-install-server.html#bare-metal-install-server"><span class="std std-ref">Install Clear Linux* OS from the live server</span></a> to
install Clear Linux OS onto the VM virtual disk. Note:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>In <span class="guilabel">Configure Installation Media</span>, navigate top
VBOX HARDDISK, and then select <span class="guilabel">Confirm</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>In <span class="menuselection">Advanced options ‣ Manage User</span>, create an
administrative user.</p></li>
<li><p>Do not install the bundle <cite>desktop-autostart</cite>.</p></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>When Clear Linux OS installation is complete, click <span class="guilabel">Exit</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>At the prompt, enter:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>shutdown<span class="w"> </span>now
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="unmount-the-iso">
<h3>Unmount the ISO<a class="headerlink" href="#unmount-the-iso" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The Clear Linux OS installer ISO needs to be unmounted to allow the VM to boot from the
virtual hard disk.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Return to the VirtualBox Manager.</p></li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">Settings</span> to configure the Clear Linux OS VM.</p></li>
<li><p>From the VM <span class="guilabel">Settings</span> window, navigate to the <span class="guilabel">Storage</span>
pane in the left menu.</p></li>
<li><p>From the middle <span class="guilabel">Storage Devices</span> column, click the blue CD disk
labeled <span class="guilabel">clear-&lt;VERSION&gt;-live-server.iso</span> under the
<span class="guilabel">Controller: IDE</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>From the <span class="guilabel">Attributes</span> column on the right, in <span class="guilabel">Optical Drive</span>,
select the blue CD icon beside and click
<span class="guilabel">Remove Disk from Virtual Drive</span>.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id9">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-08.png"><img alt="Remove Disk from Virtual Drive" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-08.png" style="width: 900.0px; height: 205.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 8: Remove Disk from Virtual Drive</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Click <span class="guilabel">OK</span> to exit the <span class="guilabel">VM Settings</span> menu and return to
the main VirtualBox Manager.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="install-vb-linux-guest-additions">
<h3>Install VirtualBox Linux Guest Additions<a class="headerlink" href="#install-vb-linux-guest-additions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Clear Linux OS provides Linux Guest Additions drivers for full compatibility using an
install script in the <strong>kernel-lts</strong> (Long Term Support) bundle by Clear Linux OS.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>From the VirtualBox Manager select the Clear Linux OS VM, and select <span class="guilabel">Start</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>In the VM Console, log in as the administrative user previously created.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>A message may appear: “A kernel update is available: you may wish
to reboot the system.”</p>
<p>To update the kernel, enter:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>reboot
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>At initial login, enter the administrative users password and continue.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Validate the installed kernel is <strong>kernel-lts</strong> by checking the output
of the <strong class="command">uname -r</strong> command. It should end in <strong>.lts</strong> or <strong>.lts2018</strong>.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>uname<span class="w"> </span>-r
&lt;VERSION&gt;.lts
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the running kernel is not <strong>lts</strong>: install the LTS kernel manually,
update the bootloader, and check again:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>swupd<span class="w"> </span>bundle-add<span class="w"> </span>kernel-lts
clr-boot-manager<span class="w"> </span>set-kernel<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>basename<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>realpath<span class="w"> </span>/usr/lib/kernel/default-lts<span class="k">))</span>
clr-boot-manager<span class="w"> </span>update
reboot
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Remove any kernel bundles that do not end in <em>-lts</em> or <em>kernel-install</em>
to simplify and avoid conflicts:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>swupd<span class="w"> </span>bundle-list<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span>kernel
sudo<span class="w"> </span>swupd<span class="w"> </span>bundle-remove<span class="w"> </span>&lt;NON-LTS-KERNEL&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>In the VM Console top menu, click <span class="guilabel">Devices</span>, and select
<span class="guilabel">Insert Guest Additions CD image…</span> to mount the VirtualBox driver
installation to the Clear Linux OS VM.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id10">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-09.png"><img alt="Insert Guest Additions CD image" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-09.png" style="width: 586.0px; height: 347.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 9: Insert Guest Additions CD image</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>If a dialogue appears, “VBx_GAs_6.0.8… Would you like to run it?”,
select <span class="guilabel">Cancel</span>.</p>
<p>Instead, we provide a script to patch and install VirtualBox drivers on Clear Linux OS.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Open a Terminal and enter the script:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>install-vbox-lga
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Successful installation shows: “Guest Additions installation complete”.
If drivers are already installed, dont re-install them.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Shut down the system. Select <span class="menuselection">Machine ‣ ACPI Shutdown</span>.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id11">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-10.png"><img alt="Powering off a VirtualBox VM" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-10.png" style="width: 740.0px; height: 233.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 10: Powering off a VirtualBox VM</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>Select <span class="guilabel">Settings</span>, <span class="guilabel">Display</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>In <span class="guilabel">Graphics Controller</span>, select <span class="guilabel">VBoxSVGA</span>
to adjust screen size dynamically.</p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id12">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-11.png"><img alt="Remove Disk from Virtual Drive" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-11.png" style="width: 625.0px; height: 316.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 11: VirtualBox hardware acceleration error</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</li>
<li><p>In the VirtualBox Manager, select <span class="guilabel">Start</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>In the VM console, login and verify the VirtualBox drivers are loaded:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>lsmod<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span>^vbox
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You should see drivers loaded with names beginning with <strong>vbox</strong>:
(e.g., vboxvideo, vboxguest).</p>
</li>
<li><p>Add <cite>desktop-autostart</cite> for a full desktop experience.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>swupd<span class="w"> </span>bundle-add<span class="w"> </span>desktop-autostart
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Reboot the VM and log in with the administrative user.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>reboot
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>The Clear Linux OS VM running on VirtualBox is ready to develop and explore.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="troubleshooting">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18" role="doc-backlink">Troubleshooting</a><a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p><strong>Problem:</strong> On a Microsoft* Windows* OS, VirtualBox encounters an error when
trying to start a VM indicating <em>VT-X/AMD-v hardware acceleration is not
available on your system.</em></p>
<figure class="align-default" id="id13">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-12.png"><img alt="Remove Disk from Virtual Drive" src="../../_images/virtualbox-cl-installer-12.png" style="width: 398.0px; height: 236.0px;" />
</a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">Figure 12: VirtualBox hardware acceleration error</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id13" title="Link to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p><strong>Solution:</strong> First, double check the <a class="reference internal" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a> section to make
sure <em>Hardware accelerated virtualization</em> extensions have been enabled
in the host systems EFI/BIOS.</p>
<p><em>Hardware accelerated virtualization</em>, may get disabled for VirtualBox when
another hypervisor, such as <em>Hyper-V</em> is enabled.</p>
<p>To disable <em>Hyper-V</em> execute this command in an
<strong>Administrator: Command Prompt or Powershell</strong>, and reboot the system:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>bcdedit<span class="w"> </span>/set<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>current<span class="o">}</span><span class="w"> </span>hypervisorlaunchtype<span class="w"> </span>off
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To enable Hyper-V again, execute this command in an
<strong>Administrator: Command Prompt or Powershell</strong>, and reboot the system:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>bcdedit<span class="w"> </span>/set<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>current<span class="o">}</span><span class="w"> </span>hypervisorlaunchtype<span class="w"> </span>Auto
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p><em>Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries.</em></p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Clear Linux* OS on VirtualBox*</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
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